Guidance | Working together to improve School Attendance

Purpose

Working Together to Improve School Attendance is statutory guidance for maintained schools, academies, independent schools and local authorities in England. It sets out the roles, responsibilities, expectations, and interventions required to secure and sustain good attendance. The most recent update, published in August 2024, clarifies areas such as attendance coding, data-sharing, and legal expectations. Importantly, these changes do not represent a shift in overall policy but instead provide clearer guidance on the correct processes to follow.


Key principles and rationale

The central principle of the guidance is that attendance is everyone’s responsibility. Consistent attendance is strongly linked to attainment, wellbeing, social development, and children’s future life chances. However, barriers to regular attendance are often multi-dimensional, encompassing health issues, special educational needs, mental health difficulties, family or home circumstances, transport challenges, and disengagement from school. The guidance promotes a “support first” approach, emphasising early intervention and collaborative work with pupils and families to remove barriers. Sanctions should not be the first step; instead, schools and partners are encouraged to engage positively before considering enforcement.

Prevention and early intervention are highlighted as key. Schools must monitor attendance data closely to identify patterns of absence at the earliest stage. Action should be taken before absence becomes persistent, for example through meetings with families, pastoral check-ins, or other forms of support. Where absence is persistent or severe, a more intensive and coordinated response is needed. This may involve structured casework, formal attendance contracts, or engagement with external partners such as local authority services or specialist support agencies.

Roles, accountability and collaboration

The guidance includes a summary table of responsibilities, which maps out duties across schools, governing bodies or trusts, and local authorities. Schools are required to maintain a clear attendance policy, communicate expectations to families, assign a senior leader as attendance champion, ensure accurate registration, and follow up daily absences without delay. Local authorities, meanwhile, are responsible for providing support, coordinating services, and enforcing legal interventions where required. Regular meetings between schools and local authorities are expected to review pupils at risk of persistent absence and to coordinate joint support.

Robust data, registers and attendance coding

Registers are legal documents and schools must treat them as such, ensuring accuracy, appropriate removal of leavers, and timely follow-up of absences. The August 2024 update includes changes to attendance codes and clarifies how certain circumstances should be recorded. For example, remote learning sessions, unless physically supervised in an approved setting, must not be coded as present. Instead, they should be recorded using authorised absence codes. Schools must ensure that all staff responsible for attendance are fully trained in applying the updated codes.

Legal interventions

When voluntary support does not succeed or when families refuse to engage, the guidance makes clear that legal routes remain available. These include issuing an attendance contract, applying for an education supervision order, or prosecuting parents who fail in their legal duty to secure attendance. Penalty notices and fines can also be applied for unauthorised absences, and new national frameworks and higher fine amounts are being introduced. However, the guidance stresses that even during legal processes there is still scope for engagement, and support should continue to be offered to families to prevent further escalation.

Communication with families

Effective communication is recognised as a cornerstone of improving attendance. The guidance is supported by a toolkit that provides best-practice examples of letters, texts, emails, and phone call scripts for use with parents and carers. Messages should be timely, personalised, and clear about missed sessions, while also demonstrating empathy. Schools are encouraged to use multiple channels of communication, including digital, written, and face-to-face contact, and to tailor their approach to the needs of individual families.

Recent and related developments

The government has committed to expanding the network of attendance hubs - schools with strong practice that support others - and scaling up the attendance mentor programme to reach more pupils with persistent absence. In addition, new regulations are being phased in, requiring all schools to share daily attendance registers and setting out clearer expectations around collaboration and sanctions.

Implications and risks

Schools must now review their policies, registers, and coding practices to ensure compliance. Staff training is essential so that everyone involved understands how to apply codes correctly, follow up on absences consistently, and use data effectively. Governors and senior leaders must take visible ownership of attendance and make it a strategic priority. Some pupils will require intensive, cross-sector support from services such as mental health, social care, and health provision, which places increased importance on partnership working. Legal action remains a backstop rather than the first option, and an over-reliance on enforcement could damage relationships with families. Finally, schools and local authorities must ensure that data systems are capable of meeting the new requirements for information sharing and reporting.

Recommended actions

·       Review and update the school’s attendance policy and ensure it reflects the 2024 guidance.

·       Appoint or confirm a senior leader as attendance champion with clear accountability.

·       Train all staff in accurate register coding, data use, and communication with families.

·       Establish regular internal attendance review meetings to analyse patterns and plan interventions.

·       Strengthen family engagement using the DfE communication toolkit, ensuring timely, personalised contact with parents and carers.

 

Resources

Working together to improve school attendance

Toolkit for schools

Annex A letters

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