Guidance | Understanding FGM: Legal Duties, Professional Practice, and Support Pathways
What is FGM? Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) refers to any procedure that injures, removes or alters the female genital organs for non‑medical reasons. It is widely recognised as a severe violation of human rights and a form of violence against women and girls. In the UK context, FGM is considered both a criminal act and a form of child abuse when carried out on a girl under 18. The procedure may occur at various ages, ranging from infancy to adolescence, before marriage, or even during pregnancy, and it frequently results in significant immediate pain as well as long-term physical, psychological, and reproductive health consequences. Although the World Health Organisation identifies four major types of FGM - clitoridectomy, excision, infibulation, and other harmful non‑medical procedures - these classifications are not formally embedded within UK legislation. However, they remain helpful for understanding the breadth of procedures professionals may encounter and are commonly...